Prevention

1. Rodent control

• Seal entry points — close gaps >6mm (holes, cracks, vents)
• Remove food sources — store food in rodent-proof containers
• Remove nesting materials — clear brush, firewood piles, debris near buildings
• Set traps — use snap traps or live traps where appropriate
• Consider professional pest control for severe infestations

2. Safe cleaning of rodent-contaminated areas

• Ventilate the space for at least 30 minutes before entering
• Wear protection — N95 mask, rubber gloves, goggles
• Do NOT sweep or vacuum dry — this creates dust. Use wet methods:
  • Spray droppings/urine with disinfectant or bleach solution (1:10)
  • Let sit for 5 minutes
  • Wipe up with paper towels
  • Dispose in sealed bag
• Wash hands thoroughly after removing gloves

3. Outdoor precautions

• Avoid camping near rodent burrows or droppings
• Keep food in sealed containers
• Use bed nets or sleep off the ground in rodent-prone areas
• Inspect cabins/sheds before entering after long periods of disuse

4. Workplace safety

• Construction workers, hikers, field biologists at higher risk
• Follow employer safety protocols for rodent-infested areas

Sources

• CDC - Prevention
• WHO - Fact Sheet